![]() ![]() 2 The aims of effectiveness and safety are targeted through process-of-care measures, assessing whether providers of health care perform processes that have been demonstrated to achieve the desired aims and avoid those processes that are predisposed toward harm. With this in mind, the IOM also asserted that today’s health care industry functions at a lower level than it can and should, and it put forth the following six aims of health care: effective, safe, patient-centered, timely, efficient, and equitable. Processes that are inefficient and variable, changing case mix of patients, health insurance, differences in provider education and experience, and numerous other factors contribute to the complexity of health care. According to the Institute of Medicine (IOM) report, To Err Is Human, 4 the majority of medical errors result from faulty systems and processes, not individuals. ![]() 1, 2 Quality health care is defined as “the degree to which health services for individuals and populations increase the likelihood of desired health outcomes and are consistent with current professional knowledge” 3 (p. ![]() The necessity for quality and safety improvement initiatives permeates health care. ![]()
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